economics. B. live in industrial states. What is a mode of production? During the days of seclusion, there are many different tasks as the girl is initiated into womanhood. As sociologist mile Durkheim noted, they follow a formal order or sequence, called a liturgical order; are performed in a place that is set apart and sacred during the time of the performance; and are inherently social. Incwala, a ritual found among the Swazi, a group in southern Africa, is a national holiday during which many social rules are suspended or inverted, allowing women to take on mens public roles and men to take on womens household duties in a public farce. C. the market principle. Display social structure 4. Which of the following statements about the incest taboo is true? A. A. C. Social control is maintained mostly through physical coercion. Anthropologists view sexual orientation as learned, malleable, and culturally constructed. E. Too many men are being left without wives. E. A situation in which a man has more than one wife at the same time. B. E. the reason welfare in the United States is ineffective. D. Divorce is unique to industrialized nation-states. Attempts to resolve serious problems, such as war, famine or poverty through spiritual or supernatural intervention. D. symbiosis. C. increased regulation of interpersonal relations. One effect of the economic and social policies of colonial regimes was. Agricultural C. A horticultural society experiencing considerable population pressure, D. Tropical foraging E. Industrial state with high unemployment. D. a castrated man. Anthropologist Victor Turner (1969) discusses in detail the significance of liminality in rites of passage. The term intersex describes A. gender stratification processes. What term refers to the practice of marrying a person outside of the group to which one belongs? Tribe B. Chiefdom C. Segmentary lineage. Which of the following is the most common religious specialist? At the beginning of the ceremony, as separation begins, the girl lies down and her family straightens her limbs and helps dress her and prepare her for the transition. Which of the following statements about Etoro conceptions of heterosexual intercourse is not true? A status that a person has little or no choice about occupying B. C. the result of a gender-based division of labor, which is unique to Malaysian society. A. Both were nomadic foraging groups in Iran. What is a potlatch? Biological differences between males and females, other than contrasts in breasts and genitals, is known as A. sex. B. You must there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one that's only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. D. women generally are less restricted than men are with respect to premarital and extramarital sex. Young boys on reaching puberty will shave their heads and scar their View the full answer Previous question Next question Preparations for the land diving involve almost every member of the community. The gender roles of men and women are largely determined by their biological capabilities relative strength, endurance, intelligence, etc. They inherited privileged access to strategic resources. B. Whether directly through a shamanic journey or through the mediation of a religious leader, communities petition the spirits or deity for healing or a blessing. Rank ascribed at birth B. Culturally valued personal attributes, C. The individuals possessions and their monetary value D. The amount of labor that the individual can extract from his or her spouse and children, E. Genealogical relationships to apical ancestors, Kin groups whose members are related to a common ancestor are known as. Second wives are not protected by the law as their marriages are not legal. They formerly used shells for money but now use coins. C. It is a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with male travel for trade, commerce, and warfare. D. The separation of workers from the things they produce. According to Weber, what is the basis of social status? A. Large-game hunting B. Nonindustrial food producing, C. Reciprocal D. Foraging E. Redistribution. Which of the following is not part of the patrilineal-patrilocal complex? A. A. D. expand a populations gene pool. What is the name of the custom in which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband? [40], In his original description of rites of passage, Arnold Van Gennep (1909) noted that these rituals were carried out in three distinct stages: separation, liminality, and incorporation. A. generalized reciprocity. A. Mexico B. Malabar Coast of India C. Eastern Siberia. B. Which of the following statements concerning gender stratification is true? D. Members of descent groups are called affines, while members of nuclear families are called consanguines. While nonbelievers might refer to rites of affliction as superstition, a belief or practice that has no credible evidence for its efficacy, for believers, these religious rites allow them to plead for help and sometimes control the outcome of threatening life events. and you must attribute OpenStax. They generally work less than horticulturalists. Which of the following is not a phase of a rite of passage? E. is higher in Yanomami society than it is among the Betsileo of Madagascar. C. Agriculture frequently involves the use of terraces, while horticulture does not. The band, C. The nuclear family D. The clan E. The expanded family household, The incest taboo is a cultural universal, but. Rituals tend to have a common structure even though ritual and ritual performance can be quite variable. rites of intensification. Tribe. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Which of the following statements about polyandry is true? E. They are the dominant males in the largest, most powerful descent groups. Consider the following: a. the problem of gridlock b. the increase in the size of the United States. Following the circumcision, they live in isolation while their wounds heal, a liminal phase during which they do not talk to anyone other than boys who are also undergoing the rite of passage. Quiz 11 Anthropology Flashcards | Quizlet Men spend a month or more working together to build the tower and collect the vines. A. Nomadism B. Migration. Not all rites of passage are religious. A. Beliefs and rituals can, ironically, both diminish and create anxiety and a sense of insecurity and danger. E. the idea that child care is a womans responsibility. c. if a negative variance is over-shadowed by a favorable variance, managers may overlook potential corrections. E. women achieving status in a tribal society. It is found only among mining communities in Madagascar. The term alienation is used to describe what phenomenon in industrial economies? D.close exposure to the heat of a fire. It tends to be more pronounced among foragers than among pastoralists. It is used to refer to rituals, myths, holidays, rules, and the way things are. B. patriarchy. There are also secular rites of passage, such as graduation or quinceaera, a celebratory birthday for 15-year-old girls in many Latin American communities. The liminal period that follows is a time in which individuals often undergo tests, trials, or activities designed to prepare them for their new social roles. D. descent groups include only the children of the groups men. C. descent groups include only the children of the groups women. D. It is reinforced in American society by women working both inside and outside the home. In an attempt to make sense of these developments, the islands residents developed a variety of theories about the reason for these changes. D. sell all of the food they produce. B. swiddening. The term anti-structure, coined by Victor Turner refers to: Equalitarian relationships during the ritual process. D. Foraging, horticultural, pastoral, and industrial societies all have similar attitudes regarding gender roles. C. foraging. This ritual appears in the Bible, used both as a means of conveying the Holy Spirit (Num. What is an ascribed status? Religious beliefs are an important element of social control because these beliefs help to define acceptable behaviors as well as punishments, including supernatural consequences, for misbehavior. Why is polygyny a problem in Turkey today? Blood feuds B. Family of orientation C. Family of nucleation, What is the most stable social group among band societies with a seasonal pattern of population dispersal? They can also be a way for people to connect with their heritage and culture. C. They formerly felt they had everything they needed, but now many people desire cash. false. How does horticulture differ from agriculture? A. At the center of the photo, note the Kaaba, the symbolic dwelling place of Allah. (technological ritual) hunting and . A. E. accumulation of wealth. Rite of passage imprints the change in a persons social status, such as a marriage certificate. Rules of endogamy A. prove that the incest taboo is not a cultural universal. . C. in most societies women tend to be the primary child caregivers. Before their journey home, the isolated living quarters are burned to the ground, symbolizing the loss of childhood. A. A. 12. B. genitor. A. Some examples include scapulimancy (burning the shoulder blade of a cow or antelope and reading a message in the burn pattern), tasseomancy (reading tea leaves at the bottom of a cup), oomancy (rubbing an egg over an area of illness or pain and then breaking it open to read a pattern), bibliomancy (randomly opening the Bible or another book and seeking a message in whatever passage is on that page), reading tarot cards, and checking astrological signs. Although they are not exclusively associated with rites of affliction and are sometimes performed as acts of obedience, celebration, spiritual merit, enlightenment, or even penance, pilgrimage is often practiced as a rite to seek redress and healing. It typically involves the use of draft animals. What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire group moves with the animals throughout the year? B. the market principle, redistribution, and reciprocity. B. B. monotheism. D. redistribution. What term refers to a unilineal descent group whose members claim, but cannot demonstrate, common descent from an apical ancestor? E. They thought he was a vampire. D. Turkey will not be accepted into the European Union if they do not allow polygyny. D. They use their land intensively and continuously. A. mater. They clear tracts of land they wish to use by cutting down trees and setting fire to the grass. Verified answer. C. are headed by men. Second wives are not protected by the law as their marriages are not legal. How did these elements interact in the Islanders' daily fishing routines? In what way is exogamy adaptive? \$3620 \times 9\% $36209%. C. The distinction between public and domestic spheres of activity is much sharper than it is in most horticultural societies. E. The Yanomami are isolated from missionaries and the Venezuelan government, and are self-sufficient. C. women fear contacts, including sexual intercourse, with men. Big men are chiefs who are trying to make their achieved status more permanent by engaging in conspicuous symbolic displays of wealth. C. The relative status of women is variable, depending on factors such as subsistence strategy, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy. Rite of intensification Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com Intensive use of land and human labor B. Irrigation and terracing C. Use of draft animals, D. Location in arid areas E. Slash-and-burn techniques. none of the answers provided are a rite of intensification. Shaman. E. result in ever-widening kinship networks. A. Neolocality B. Patrilocality. D. Chiefdoms have permanent political regulation. What is the name of the postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple is expected to live in the husbands community? Rites of intensification are also extremely common in communities worldwide. Political institutions are totally separate from economic institutions. Learn a new word every day. D. Strong differentiation between the home and the outside world. If there is a cohort of individuals participating in the rite of passage, such as an age grade going through puberty rites, the participants will share a strong sense of equality and social bonding among themselves, referred to as communitas. The firm is in the 40% tax bracket. C. in most societies women tend to be the primary child caregivers. A. A. When asked to explain his continued faith, one village elder explained: You Christians have been waiting 2,000 years for Jesus to return to Earth, and you havent given up hope.[44] This John Frum custom is sometimes called a cargo cult, a term used to describe rituals that seek to attract material prosperity. C. Agriculture frequently involves the use of terraces, while horticulture does not. E. It is not present in the industrial states of the Western world. On the third day, she and her mother will bake a corn cake called an alkaan, and then, led by a Navajo medicine man or woman, they will sing prayer songs all night until the sunrise. Which of the following statements about the domestic-public dichotomy is true? - separation stage. Sometimes believers walk behind the individual in need, who sits in a chair, and then lay hands on their shoulders and pray, either silently or aloud so that the afflicted individual can hear the prayer being offered. In his work Ritual (1993), West African writer and ritual scholar Malidoma Som ([1993] 1997, 68) outlines the major stages of most ritual acts: Even when rituals are scripted and parts are carefully read and followed, individual participation and collaboration will subtly change a ritual each time it is enacted or performed. 13.4 Rituals of Transition and Conformity - OpenStax belief in multiple gods. A pantribal sodality that represents a certain level of social achievement C. All men and women related by patrilineal descent from a human apical ancestor D. All men and women related by matrilineal descent from a nonhuman apical ancestor, E. A group including all men or women born during a certain span of time, Which of the following is the most important factor in determining an individuals power and prestige in a state? D. The former is labor-intensive, while the latter is land-intensive. B. inheritance of land and prestige through female lines. Called by various names, such as rites of affirmation and calendrical rites, rites of intensification are performed to affirm, strengthen, and maintain bonds of solidarity. Culture plays a role in molding individual sexual urges toward a collective norm. Buddhism, the worlds fourth largest religion, demonstrates the strong connection between spiritual beliefs and rules for everyday behavior. They retain their power by maintaining strong ties with the commoner class. 2023. In Malinowski's research, Trobriand Islanders relied on three sources of information to guide them in their daily activities: religion, magic and science. In these acts, the religious community pools its spiritual and social resources and encourages the afflicted membera powerful antidote to illness no matter the faith tradition. 10.4: Elements of Religion - Rules and Rituals The status of women is much lower than it is among northern foragers like the Inuit. A. Marriages become more volatile. The theory that people will use scientific technology as far as it will extend and then will resort to magic or religion to alleviate their fears is known as? E. Chiefdoms have full-time religious specialists. Which of the following statements concerning the Basseri and the Qashqai is true? The worldwide increase in female-headed households stems from all of the following except A. decreasing divorce rates. B. Marriages become more frequent. A term sometimes used to describe rituals that seek to attract material prosperity. A. In many highland Papua New Guinea patrilineal-patrilocal societies. Rite of Passage. See more. One well-known example are the ideas expressed in the Ten Commandments, which are incorporated in the teachings of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism and prohibit behaviors such as theft, murder, adultery, dishonesty, and jealousy while also emphasizing the need for honor and respect between people. B) arbitrators' decisions are usually advisory and not considered final. - sporting events - commemorative services--> intensify sense of nationhood. A. Peasants loss of land B. Exam 3 Flashcards | Chegg.com a ritual that is performed at a critical point in an individual's life cycle. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? Based on the lunar calendar, the hajj is a movable feast, meaning it is a celebration whose dates vary each year and will occur in different seasons over a cycle of years. This book uses the D. Some Yanomami are being trained in health care. It tends to be more pronounced among agriculturalists than among foragers. Which type of a situation is most likely to result in a matrilineal-matrilocal society? Historically, pilgrims arrived by walking, using the travel time and its accompanying struggles to focus on growing in their faith. A. Tribal society B. Feudal state, C. Imagined community D. Chiefdom E. Agrarian, preindustrial state, For most of human history, people lived in societies characterized by what kind of sociopolitical organization? The hajj is one of the five pillars, or primary tenets, of Islam. They did not formerly have a concept of money, but now they have a full economic system. E. It was seen as a necessary sacrifice that would eventually lead to a mans death. B. none of the answers provided are a rite of intensification In the stages within a rite of passage (according to Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner), which of the following is included? More than half of American households with incomes below the poverty line. A. hegemony working to eliminate resistance. Which of the following is an example of a matrilineal-matrifocal society? B. not all cultures define incest the same way. The major difference between animism and animatism has to do with whether the supernatural entity is: intensification. E. human sexuality is completely determined by culture. Which of the following statements about agriculturalists is true? In the final stage of incorporation, individuals return to the community with a new socially recognized status. Reincorporation Ceremony. D. the result of bifurcate merging, a practice brought to the United States by Scotch-Irish immigrants during the early part of the 20th century. What term do social scientists use to refer to the socially approved use of power? citation tool such as, Authors: Jennifer Hasty, David G. Lewis, Marjorie M. Snipes. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. D. They were afraid that if he took pictures of them, it would capture their souls. Anthropology 210 Final Flashcards | Quizlet Social stratification B. Sedentism C. Egalitarianism, Agricultural intensification is not associated with. a type of space frame in which no two compression members (struts) are directly attached to each other, usually with a multiplicity of ties. Anthropology Ch.4 Flashcards | Quizlet He was traveling with his wife, and no one would talk to a woman. The fact that chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates engage in masturbation and same- sex sexual activity suggests that A. human sexuality is completely determined by biology. Unlike rites of intensification and many rites of passage, rites of affliction are usually non-calendrical and unplanned. Strong differentiation between spheres of exchange B. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. During the hajj ritual, the pilgrims will perform many faith acts, including circling the Kaaba, a building at the center of the mosque representing the most sacred place, seven times clockwise to open the ritual; praying; running between the nearby hills of Safa and Marwah; clipping their hair; going east of Mecca to confess their sins and seek atonement; gathering pebbles to perform a symbolic stoning of the devil; buying sacrifice vouchers so that an animal will be sacrificed on their behalf; and then again circling the Kaaba seven times, this time counterclockwise, to close the hajj. Arnold Van Gennep, The Rites of Passage (Hove, UK: Psychology Press, 1960). A. Chiefdom B. C. flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans primate heritage. D. They formerly relied on the national government for cash payouts but are now self- sufficient. What is the basis of political organization in states? D. There is no sex-based division of labor. They can follow the Noble Eightfold Path, rules based on the teachings of Buddha that emphasize the need for discipline, restraint, humility, and kindness in every aspect of life. A. Which of the following is associated with horticultural systems of cultivation? B. quizzes final cultural anthro Flashcards | Quizlet Which of the following is a characteristic shared by most present-day foragers? C. Marriages become more stable. You must there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one thats only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. The Foundation of Evolution, Tools and Brains: Homo habilis, Homo ergaster, and Homo erectus, Tracking Genomes: Our Human Story Unfolds, The Emergence and Development of Language, Work, Life, and Value: Economic Anthropology, Plant Cultivation: Horticulture and Agriculture, Authority, Decisions, and Power: Political Anthropology, Colonialism and the Categorization of Political Systems, Centralized Societies: Chiefdomsand States, Resistance, Revolution, and Social Movements, Studying In: Addressing Inequities within Anthropology, Early Global Movements and Cultural Hybridity, Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Anthropology, The Power of Gender: Patriarchy and Matriarchy, Visual Anthropology and Ethnographic Film, News Media, the Public Sphere, andNationalism, Community, Development, and Broadcast Media, Broadcasting Modernity and National Identity, An Anthropological View of Sport throughout Time, Anthropology, Representation, and Performance, Applied and Public Anthropology and Indigenous Peoples, Walking a labyrinth, such as this one in Grace Cathedral in San Francisco, California, is experienced by many people as a meditative or prayerful ritual. Rituals are never exactly duplicated, and not all rituals serve the same purpose. A festive event where the sponsors give away gifts and gain prestige in return. Nuclear families are always exogamous, while descent groups are always endogamous. In the United States, Halloween is also a rite of rebellion, one in which children go out at night to beg for candy from neighbors. E. Four forms of sexual orientationheterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, and asexuality are found throughout the world. The law of supply and demand C. Fixed values for products, If rights to land are passed on through descent groups, what type of adaptive strategy is most likely? A. European immigration around 1900 B. E. postmarriage residence tends to be patrilocal. A. In the film El Sebou': An Egyptian Birth Ritual, the birth mother must to what to her new born children? In what sense are nonindustrial economies embedded in society? The young woman will then take her last run toward the east, now followed by many young children, so that she might eventually become a loving mother whom her children will always follow. How do chiefdoms differ from states? D. It was permitted to take place only in a couples residence. Ceremonies that help the group cope together with a crisis, such as an epidemic, are rites of: . A. A primarily foraging-based subsistence strategy B. E. land, labor, and technology. D. is higher in matrilineal societies than it is in patrilineal societies. D. Rites of passage only worsen the anxieties caused by other aspects of religion. E. Horticultures long-term yield is far greater and more dependable than that of agriculture. When the author began researching among the Betsileo in Madagascar, why did the villagers run away from him? C. a strongly developed public-domestic dichotomy. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Rite of Passage Flashcards | Quizlet Kertzer's definition of ritual (in readings) C. are foragers. B. Rite of intensification Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster D. Anthropologists, like Kottak, predominantly believe that the incest taboo has a genetic basis. A symbiotic relationship existed between the Basseri, who were nomadic pastoralists, and the Qashqai, who were horticulturalists. A. produce food without elaborate technology. A big man can enforce his decisions. E. Women never take part in hunting. D. capital. B. B. . Which of the following is one of the main differences between descent groups and nuclear families? A sacred journey to a shrine or holy place, pilgrimage is practiced in many religions. C. The Basseri big man (tonowi) could enforce his decisions, whereas the Qashqai village head could only lead by example. In Xhosa communities in South Africa, teenage boys were traditionally transitioned to manhood using a series of acts that moved them through each of the three ritual stages. Foraging economies are usually associated with which type of sociopolitical organization? B. deforestation. In a wedding ceremony in the United States, the white color of the wedding dress is a traditional symbol of purity. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . According to the textbook, which of the following are NOT human mediators of sacred powers? These rituals are used to bind members of the community together, to create a sense of communitas or unity that encourages people to see themselves as members of a community. B. an adaptation to poverty. B. The first stage of a rite of passage in which the individual withdraws, or is removed from, ordinary society. o A type of ideological ritual that functions to reinforce the belief system and the values of the society o Performed as a periodic ritual or an occasional ritual in times of stress. How has the Betsileo of Madagascar view of money changed since Kottak first visited them? Class stratification C. Boundary maintenance systems. The more substantial the joint property, the more complicated the divorce. A. D. It was permitted to take place only in a couples residence. a ritual that arises spontaneously, frequently in times of crisis. When letters make sounds that aren't associated w One goose, two geese. A political system ruled by men in which women have inferior status is known as a(an). B. it is immoral for humans to engage in such activities. B. Societies use both secular and religious rites of passage to mark changes in the life cycle of their members. (ideological ritual) Society is a series of positions, each one known as status, as a member of society changes status, they change their social relationship with society. A. D. Economic, political, and religious activities are often interrelated. It is a symbol of true manhood. A shift to agriculture has recently taken place. came up with the three phases of a rite of passage. Although Buddhism defies easy categorization into any anthropological category, there is an element of animatism represented by karma, a moral force in the universe.